导读:一夜之间，仿佛大家都爱上了TFboys和SNH48。不管是组合，还是单人，几乎是微博热榜常年前三甲,粉丝数目十分庞大，微博热度也是久高不下，那么这些养成系偶像究竟为何如此之火？
With the debut of Chinese all-female idol group SNH48 at this year’s Central China Television Spring Festival Gala and the appearance of Wang Yuan, a member of China’s hottest boy group TFboys, at a UN youth forum on January 31, 2017, China’s so-called "Fostered Idols" are just beginning to show their influence at home and as well as around the globe.
随着女子偶像团体SNH48在今年中央电视台的春晚中闪亮登场以及TFboys成员之一王源于2017年1月31日出席联合国青年论坛，“养成系偶像”开始逐渐风靡中国，并影响整个世界。
Thanks to the rise of new media and a preference for younger stars in China over the past two to three years, Fostered Idols, or yangcheng ouxiang in Chinese, have swept the country. TFboys has reached an amazing 60 million followers on China’s largest social media platform Sina Weibo, while the top three SNH48 members together have more than 7 million followers.
“养成偶像”在中国逐渐流行开来，这一现象的生成则要归功于过去两三年内新媒体的兴起以及人们对于青年明星的追逐与偏爱。就TFboys组合而言，该团体在国内最大的媒体平台新浪微博中拥有将近6000万名粉丝；另一个女子偶像团体SNH48的三位主要成员则总共拥有七百多万粉丝。
Different from traditional stars who remain out of fans’ reach, these Fostered Idols are known as "idols that you can communicate with face to face."
和那些粉丝们难以触及的传统偶像不同，这些养成式偶像被认定为“可以和粉丝面对面交流的偶像”。
Secret recipe
训练秘籍
The word yangcheng means "to bring up," and this naturally makes fan engagement a key part of these idols’ success. In the case of SNH48, which started as a sister group of the Japanese idol group AKB48, the group arranges a series of regular events such as a "hand-shaking meeting" to allow fans to get closer to their idols.
所谓的养成，即按照相应计划进行培养。在这些偶像的培养过程中，粉丝的参与则是这些年轻偶像成功的关键。就拿SNH48来说，其作为日本偶像团体组合AKB48的中国姐妹团，日常会组织一些“粉丝见面会”等活动，使粉丝与偶像近距离接触。
"We want fans to witness the way these untrained teenage girls grow into real stars," Yasushi Akimoto, a producer for AKB48, told Quick Japan magazine in 2009, giving a glimpse into the mind-set behind the creation of these all-girl bands.
日本组合AKB48的制作人秋元康于2009年接受《太田出版》杂志采访时表示：“我们希望让粉丝们能够亲自目睹他们从未接受任何训练的少年一步步成长为真正明星的过程。”这一番话也多少道出了这些女子偶像团体背后的运作流程。
Age matters, too. For instance, TFboys made their debut at around the age of 13.
其中，年龄则是非常重要的一个方面。比如，TFboys是在13岁时首次出道亮相。
"First, they have to be young, of course," Huang Rui, the former major promoter for TFboys, explained at a press conference in December about what makes a good Fostered Idol group. "This is so that their fans can enjoy the thrill of growing up with their idols together."
TFboys的前经纪人黄锐在12月份的一次新闻发布会上就如何打造一个优秀的养成偶像团体发表意见：“首先，他们一定要足够年轻。这样，粉丝们才能够在目睹偶像蜕变的过程中也体会到和他们共同成长的成就感。”
In order to find potential talent while they are still young, Johnnys, a renowned Japanese idol-training company, sends teenage girls and boys to a sort of "idol boot camp" where they live and train together. This method is very similar to the apprenticeship system in South Korea, which is the typical star-training model used in the K-pop industry.
为了在其年少时就发现其潜能和天分，日本著名的艺人经纪公司——杰尼斯事务所会把这些少男少女们送去诸如“艺人训练营”这种地方，令其一起接受集中训练。这种培养方式和韩国的“练习生制度”非常类似。“练习生制度”普遍用于韩国流行音乐产业，也是一种典型的“造星”体系。
These trainee idol groups regularly release self-produced videos or hold small intimate live performances that allow fans to get as close as possible, both physically and psychologically, to their idols.
这些练习生偶像团体一般会发布一些自制视频或进行一些现场表演，如此一来粉丝们便可以和偶像进行亲密接触，不管是身体上还是心理上都和偶像更加贴近。
TFboys, who started as three untrained school boys, began to draw public attention in 2013, thanks largely to a number of video clips showing them training at singing and dancing that were posted online by their team. Wang Yuan in particular attracted global attention after he spoke about the importance of quality education at the UN Youth Forum.
TFboys也是接受经过公司系统培训后出道，三小只是在2013年正式在公众亮相。之前，该团队就在网上上传过一些三个男孩进行平日歌舞训练的视频片段。不久前，王源刚刚在联合国青年论坛针对素质教育的重要性进行发言，更是吸引了全球的目光。
As for girl groups such as SNH48 and 1931, they started attracting fans by holding regular shows at specific theaters, and later expanded to reality shows, TV productions and online games.
至于女子团体SNH38和1931，她们会在特定剧院进行一些日常演出，并吸引了一批粉丝。后来，这些团体在真人秀、电视剧以及网游等领域都有涉足。
New attempts
新的尝试
Although TFboys and SNH48 started out as perfect replicas of the Japanese idol system, their managers have taken a more localized approach in recent years, such as allowing members to appear in local reality shows, star in TV dramas or release original music. In fact SNH48 took this localization to the extreme last year, by openly splitting with their Japanese roots.
虽然诸如TFboys和SNH48这些组合都是效仿日本的偶像养成体制，然而这些团体的管理者也因地制宜，为在国内扎根近些年来也是下了不少功夫。例如，让成员参加真人秀、出演电视剧或发布原创音乐，等等。事实上，SNH48组合在去年和日本姐妹团公开闹翻，也算是独立出户中的极品。
Other plans involve tailoring groups to local tastes.
与此同时，这些团体也在努力迎合国内粉丝的口味。
China in recent years has witnessed a boom in ACGN (Animation, Comic, Game and Novel) culture, or two-dimensional culture as it is more commonly called. As such new groups tailored to attract fans of this genre are on the way. For instance, a number of new Fostered Idol groups set to debut this year, like YHBOYS - which has been criticized by netizens for being a copycat of TFboys - and X-TIME BOYS are all-boy groups.
近些年来，中国在ACGN（动画、漫画、游戏以及小说）领域（也称作二次元文化）的发展颇为繁荣。与此同时，一些新型组合也为吸引上述粉丝群体而应运而生。例如，被称为TFboys“山寨组合” 的新组合YHBOYS以及另一个名为“X-TIME BOYS”的男子偶像团体最近纷纷出道。
Vowing to "target the country’s two-dimensional cultural groups such as comic and animation lovers," Huang showed his confidence in the project, dubbing it "an innovation for China’s idol-making industry."
黄锐对于“向动漫爱好者这类二次元团体进军”这一计划信心十足，并表示这是国内造星产业中非常好的一次创新”。
