雅思阅读中的特殊信号词
特殊的信号词,就是那些很容易识别的词,如大写字母开头的人名,地名,专有名词,以及特殊印刷体和黑体,这些词在英语文章中显得尤为突出,往往也是题干中关键词的原词定位。
例如 ‘the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for the extra-terrestrial life’ 这句话,出现了US Congress, NASA 专有名词信号词,极有可能成为定位的讯息。的确,判断题型中有一题‘the NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.’ 就是根据这两个信号词精确地回到原文定位。
雅思阅读中的普通信号词
雅思阅读作为一项专业的语言水平测试,当然不能只依靠容易识别的特殊信号词,文章中的普通信号词对于解题可谓是功不可没。
1)表原因的信号词
例如reason, cause, since, in that, as, because, thanks to, owing to, 解释说明某一事物或事件,往往会蕴含重要信息。如‘since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that...’ 该句是之后简答题‘what is the life expectancy of Earth’ 的答案信息来源,如果考生只定位Earth, 那就很有可能失分,因为原句对Earth 做了同义替换的表述,而since这个信号词则提示了答案所在的地方。
2)表结论的信号词
例如 thus, therefore, so, hence, consequently, as a result, 这些词往往是对前面所论述的总结归纳,例如 ‘Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return’, 该句出现在整篇文章的末段首句,很明显是对前文的总结概括,高度浓缩了信息。最后的主旨选择题,就是对该句的改写:‘they have made the transition from sea to land more than once’.
3)表转折的信号词
例如however, but, by comparison, nonetheless, nevertheless,这些词往往表示文章观点或方向的重大转变,重点应该关注信号词后面的内容。如‘this definition implies that iconoclasts are different from other people, but more precisely, it is their brains that are different in three distinct ways’, 前半句指出iconoclasts异于常人,用but转折词,强调指出区别的关键地方。这也是选择题‘iconoclasts are distinctive because...’ 的出题方向。