既然是考比较,那么我们就需要特别注意表达比较最常见的用语了,最常见的用语是什么呢?从对真题的分析中,我们发现占据绝对C位的词语是than,比如more than, higher than, easier than, shorter than等等。看看下面的题,同学们感受一下满屏的than。
Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests’ destruction. --C4T1P1Q6
In the past, Australian had a higher opinion of doctors than they do today. --C4T2P2Q19
Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors. --C4T2P2Q19
The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrow. --C4T3P1Q12
Archaeology is a more demanding field of study than anthropology. --C4T4P2Q18
In a sociological explanation, personal values are more powerful than authority. --C5T1P2Q25
是不是特别简单,特别可爱呢?除了than之外,少数题目还会出现prefer to, more加形容词或副词,less加形容词或副词表示程度不等的比较,以及as as, same as等表示程度相同的比较,比如:
Johnson has become more well known since his death. --C5T1P1Q9
Missouri programme children of young, uneducated, single parents scoredless highly on the tests. --C5T3P1Q12
Before the National Literacy Crusade, illiterate women had approximatelythe same levels of infant mortality asthose who had learnt to read in primary school.--C6T4P2Q20
如何做比较?三问速破题
通过题目中的than我们已经识别出比较级的考点了,那么如何解题呢?从问自己三个问题下手。
一问原文有无比,无比即为not given
先举个中文的栗子,同学们觉得以下题目应该选true、false还是not given呢?
题目:彭于晏比郭德刚更年轻。
原文:彭于晏非常年轻,彭于晏和郭德纲情投意合。
在题目中我们发现了信号词“比”,说明这是考比较级,那么在原文中有没有出现彭于晏和郭德纲的比较呢?原文中只告诉我们彭于晏非常年轻,至于是不是比郭德纲年轻,我们无从得知,因此,当题目有比而原文没有比较时,答案应为not given。
换个真题再考考大家,以下题目应为true、 false还是not given呢?“
题目:Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering. --C5T4P1Q9
原文:Tourism is not always the culprit(罪人) behind such changes. All kinds of wage labour, or government handouts tend to undermine(削弱) traditional survival systems. ”
题目中同样出现了信号词than, 题目是Government handouts比tourism造成了更大的损害。那么原文有没有在比较Government handouts和tourism呢?原文只说了Tourism不总是罪人,government handouts有削弱传统生存体系的倾向,并没有比较两者,因此原文无比应为not given。
二问比较同维否,不同即为not given
当原文也有在比较的时候,我们要问第二个问题:原文与题目的比较是否同维呢?
比如:
题目:彭于晏比郭德刚更年轻。
原文:彭于晏比郭德刚更帅气。
现在题目和原文都在比较彭于晏和郭德刚,题目比较的维度是年轻,而原文比较的维度是帅气。我们能不能从原文的表达中判断出彭于晏是不是比郭德刚更年轻?很明显是不能的。既然不能知道,答案就是not given了。所以,当题目和原文是不同维的比较时,答案也是not given。
我们换个英文的试试。
题目:Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests’ destruction. --C4T1P1Q6
原文:More girls (70%) than boys (60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats.
题目和原文都用了more than来表示比较,题目比的是关于雨林破坏的错误观点,原文比的是雨林作为动物栖息地的观点,题目和原文比的维度不一样,因此为not given。
三问比较同向否,不同false同为true
如果题目和原文都存在比较,比的也是同样的维度,我们就需要借助最后一个问题:比较的方向是否一致呢?
比如:
题目:彭于晏比郭德刚更年轻。
原文:彭于晏比郭德刚大三岁。
题目和原文都是比的年龄,题目的意思是彭于晏年龄小,原文的意思是彭于晏年龄大,此时比较的方向是不一样的,所以答案就是false了,如果比的方向一样呢,就是赤裸裸的改写,答案就为true啦。
比如以下这道真题,同学们能判断出是true, false还是not given吗?
题目:Water use per person is higher in the industrial world than it was in Ancient Rome. --C7P25Q21
原文:At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.
题目存在higher than,比较的维度是water use per person,原文用as...as来表示程度相等的比较,同样比的是water use per person,是同样维度的比较。但是题目是industrial world更高,而原文是as much water per person as is provided in industrial world today一样高,比较的方向不一致,因此答案为false。