smoke-dust pollution

Particle pollution - such as smoke, dust and heavy metals -- is known to irritate the airways and worsen asthma, and several studies have linked it to heart disease.

众所皆知，颗粒污染，诸如烟、尘、重金属等，会刺激呼吸道，从而加重哮喘。 有几项研究也把颗粒污染与心脏病联系在一起。

These irritants may include dust and pollution, cigarette smoke, and other irritants.

这些刺激可能包括灰尘和污染，香烟烟雾，和其他刺激物。

COPD is mainly caused by smoking, but the condition also has been linked with secondhand smoke, air pollution and workplace dust and chemicals.

吸烟是引发慢性阻塞性肺疾病的主要原因，但它也与二手烟、空气污染以及工作场所的粉尘和化学物质有关。