expenditure on supply

On the supply side, the fund managers tend to play a full-functioning role, at the cost of high marketing expenditure, and run in high-cost area.

但在供给方面，基金管理公司全能化倾向严重，营销费用居高难下，企业一直在高成本区运行。

Based on actual electricity load, optimizing the transformation of the existing power supply system, reduction of expenditure on basic tariff.

依据实际用电负荷，优化改造原有供电系统，减少企业基本电费支出。

The thesis constructs an employment decision model based on a downward-sloping labor supply curve, and parses a type employment called by the author as "expenditure-constraint-causing unemployment".

通过构建一个基于向下倾斜劳动供给曲线的就业决定模型，解析出一种称之为“支出约束引致型失业”的新类型。