direct and indirect evidence

A criminal case with both direct and indirect evidences requires the integrality of the evidence chain of the whole case, while the case with only indirect evidences needs a closed evidence chain.

对既具有间接证据也有直接证据的一般刑事案件，要求达到全案证据链的完整性即可，对全部据间接证据定案的案件，则要达到证据链的闭合性。

Theoretical analysis and indirect detection indicated that the pollen contamination rate of this pollination technique was no higher than 1%. But there is no evidence from direct detection by now.

的生物学特点，实践上常采用不套袋杂交授粉技术，理论分析和间接检测结果证明这种杂交授粉方式的花粉污染率低于1% ，但到目前为止仍缺乏直接的检测证据。

The evidence from the Jiaodong Area of Shandong Province demonstrates both the direct and the indirect effects of RMB appreciation.

来自山东省胶东地区企业层面的证据表明，人民币汇率变动对企业出口影响的直接效应和间接效应都比较显著。