by which we measure

Accounting is the means by which we measure and describe the result of economic activities.

会计是我们用来计量和描述经营活动成果的手段。

The structure of the solar systemgovens our life, because is the means by which we measure time and experiencethe changing seasons.

太阳系的结构统治着我们的生活，这体现在我们对时间的恒量和季节变化的体验当中。

While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.

在思考这个问题的时候，我们偶然读到了查尔斯·琼斯和彼得·克莱诺最近发表的一篇文章，文章提出了一个衡量经济福利的新方法，挺有趣的。